Notes on software and AI engineering.

Practical writing on architecture, product engineering, reliability, and lessons from building production systems.

Jul 16, 202613 min read

Building Agentic Applications: Workflow, Agent, or Something Between?

A decision guide to deterministic workflows, tool-using agents, and bounded agentic workflows—and why most production systems need less autonomy than expected.

Jun 18, 202614 min read

Production RAG, Part C: Guardrails, Evaluation, and Observability

How to measure grounded answers, contain failures, trace behavior, and operate RAG safely—the part of the system that prepares for inevitable mistakes.

May 14, 202614 min read

Production RAG, Part B: Retrieval, Filtering, and Reranking

A retrieval pipeline that balances semantic relevance, exact terms, permissions, latency, and context quality—and the staged ranking problem behind a single search call.

Apr 09, 202615 min read

Production RAG, Part A: Ingestion, Chunking, and Embeddings

How to turn proprietary enterprise knowledge into retrievable, permission-aware evidence—and why production RAG often fails before a prompt is written.

Dec 17, 202513 min read

Building in the Cloud: AWS, GCP, Azure, and the Tradeoffs Between Them

How to select a cloud ecosystem and a deployment model using workload and organizational constraints.

Oct 08, 202514 min read

Designing Frontend and Backend Architecture That Can Evolve

A practical framework for boundaries, APIs, deployment shapes, and choosing technology without chasing trends.